During the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish families from Rome, Pisa and Ancona conducted business in Molise where they also had temporary residence.
During World War II, because of the isolation of the region, the fascist regime established Jewish internment camps and internment locations in Agnon, Maranello, Boiano, Camponasso, Campomarino, Cantalupo del Sannio, Cascalenda, Castropignano, Isernia, Larino, Macchiagodena, Moena, Montagnano, Monteroduni, Petrella Trifernina, San Giuliano del Sannio, Sepino and Vinchiaturo.
